Triticum

This dataset comprises a collection of wheat samples characterized at both the phenotypic and molecular levels. The plant material includes accessions of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum), enabling comparative analyses across related but genomically distinct cultivated wheat species.

Genotypic data were generated using the Agriseq™ amplicon sequencing technology (Thermo Fisher Scientific), applying the Wheat 5K panel originally developed for Triticum aestivum. The Wheat 5K panel targets approximately 5,000 genome-wide SNP markers distributed across the wheat genome, providing medium-density marker coverage suitable for diversity analysis, population structure assessment, marker–trait association studies, and genomic characterization. In this study, the panel was used for both bread wheat and durum wheat samples, allowing evaluation of marker transferability and polymorphism across species with different ploidy levels.

In parallel, phenotypic data were collected under experimental conditions to characterize disease response and grain quality–related parameters. The recorded traits are encoded in the dataset using the following abbreviations:

• INCID – disease incidence

• GRAV – disease severity

• AUDPC_i – area under the disease progress curve calculated for incidence

• AUDPC_g – area under the disease progress curve calculated for severity

• FDK – percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels

• DON – deoxynivalenol content

These phenotypic descriptors capture both visual disease assessments over time (through incidence, severity, and their respective AUDPC values) and post-harvest grain quality and mycotoxin contamination parameters (FDK and DON).

The integration of high-throughput SNP genotyping data with detailed phenotypic measurements provides a comprehensive resource for investigating genetic diversity, genotype–phenotype associations, and resistance mechanisms, as well as for supporting breeding strategies in wheat.